Seleksi dan Validasi Butir Soal Literasi Matematis Materi Perbandingan Menggunakan Analisis Karakteristik Psikometrik

Abstract

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyeleksi dan memvalidasi draf butir soal tes literasi matematis materi perbandingan pada siswa kelas VII berdasarkan analisis karakteristik psikometrik. Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif ini melibatkan 36 siswa kelas VII A SMP Negeri 1 Soko yang dipilih melalui teknik cluster random sampling. Instrumen yang diujicobakan berupa 10 draf butir soal uraian pada tes awal dan tes akhir. Analisis data psikometrik meliputi uji validitas empiris, tingkat kesukaran, daya pembeda, dan uji reliabilitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada uji pretest, terdapat 6 soal valid, namun hanya 5 soal Soal 1, 2, 3, 5, dan 8 yang terpilih karena memiliki daya pembeda minimal Cukup dengan DP ≥ 0,305 dan sebaran kesukaran yang proporsional 1 mudah, 2 sedang, 2 sukar dengan koefisien reliabilitas r11 = 0,80 kategori tinggi. Pada uji posttest, diperoleh 5 soal valid dan layak Soal 1, 2, 5, 8, dan 9 dengan sebaran kesukaran 2 mudah, 2 sedang, dan 1 sukar serta nilai reliabilitas r11 = 0,70 kategori tinggi. Dengan demikian, paket soal terpilih terbukti memenuhi standar kriteria psikometrik dan siap digunakan sebagai instrumen evaluasi keterampilan literasi matematis siswa.

Kata kunci: Literasi matematis, Materi perbandingan, karakteristik psikometrik

Abstract

This study aims to select and validate draft items for a mathematical literacy test on the topic of ratios for seventh-grade students based on an analysis of psychometric characteristics. This quantitative descriptive study involved 36 seventh-grade students from Class 7A at SMP Negeri 1 Soko, who were selected using a cluster random sampling technique. The instruments tested consisted of 10 draft open-ended test items for the pretest and posttest. Psychometric data analysis included empirical validity testing, difficulty level, discriminant validity, and reliability testing. The results of the study indicate that in the pretest, there were 6 valid items; however, only 5 items Items 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 were selected because they had a minimum discriminant power of Fair with DP ≥ 0.305 and a proportional distribution of difficulty 1 easy, 2 moderate, 2 difficult with a reliability coefficient of r₁₁ = 0.80 high category. In the posttest, five valid and appropriate items were identified Items 1, 2, 5, 8, and 9, with a difficulty distribution of 2 easy, 2 moderate, and 1 difficult, and a reliability coefficient of r₁₁ = 0.70 high category. Thus, the selected test item set has been proven to meet psychometric criteria and is ready for use as an instrument for evaluating students’ mathematical literacy skills.

Keyword: Mathematical literacy, Ratio and proportion