KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN MATEMATIS PADA CERITA MATERI PECAHAN: SUATU KAJIAN PUSTAKA

Junarti Junarti

Abstract


Abstrak

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa pada tingkat pendidikan sekolah dasar, sekolah menengah pertama, dan sekolah menengah atas pada soal cerita materi pecahan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan kajian pustaka dari artikel nasional berindek SINTA 2, SINTA 3, SINTA 4 terbit tahun 2021 sampai dengan 2024 melalui browsing melalui google scolar dan researchgate dengan kata kunci “kemampuan penalaran matematis pada soal cerita materi pecahan” dan “kemampuan penalaran di sekolah dasar, sekolah menengah pertama, dan sekolah menengah atas” sebanyak 6 artikel yang terdiri dari 2 artikel berindeks SINTA 2, 2 artikel berindek SINTA 3, dan 2 artikel berindeks SINTA 4. Analisis data dilakukan dengan tahapan semua judul yang bersesuaian terkait dengan kata kunci, kemudian didownload, selanjutnya didiskripsikan, dan direduksi, dan selanjutnya dilakukan simpulan secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan penalaran siswa pada soal cerita materi pecahan dari masing-masing tingkat pendidikan bersesuaian dengan tahapan perkembangan kognitif Piaget yang menunjukkan bahwa siswa SD masuk pada tahapan pra operasional hingga tahapan operasional konkret yakni dapat menerapkan logika pada objek fisik dengan menunjukkan kemampuan konservasi operasi hitung dan dapat memecahkan masalah dengan cara logis, namun belum bisa berpikir secara abstrak. Sedangkan kemampuan penalaran siswa SMP hingga SMA masuk   tahapan operasional formal (Piaget) yang sudah masuk pada tahapan  berpikir secara abstrak dengan memanipulasi ide tanpa ketergantungan pada manipulasi konkret.

 

Kata kunci: Kemampuan penalaran matematis, Soal Cerita, Materi Pecahan

 

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to describe the mathematical reasoning ability of students at elementary, junior high, and high school levels on story problems on fractional material. This research method uses a literature review of national articles indexed SINTA 2, SINTA 3, SINTA 4 published in 2021 to 2024 through browsing through Google Scolar and Researchgate with the keywords "mathematical reasoning ability on story problems on fractional material" and "reasoning ability in elementary schools, junior high schools, and high schools" as many as 6 articles consisting of 2 articles indexed SINTA 2, 2 articles indexed SINTA 3, and 2 articles indexed SINTA 4. Data analysis was carried out with the stages of all relevant titles related to the keywords, then downloaded, then described, and reduced, and then conclusions were drawn qualitatively. The results of the study showed that students' reasoning ability on story problems on fraction material from each level of education corresponded to Piaget's cognitive development stages which showed that elementary school students entered the pre-operational stage to the concrete operational stage, namely being able to apply logic to physical objects by demonstrating the ability to conserve arithmetic operations and being able to solve problems logically, but not yet able to think abstractly. Meanwhile, the reasoning ability of junior high school to high school students entered the formal operational stage (Piaget) which had entered the stage of thinking abstractly by manipulating ideas without relying on concrete manipulation.

Keyword: Mathematical reasoning ability, Reading Comprehensions, Fraction material

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References


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