Analisis Pragmatik Bentuk-Bentuk Penyimpangan Prinsip Kerja Sama dalam Novel Argantara Karya Falistiyana serta Relevansinya dengan Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SMA

Abstract

abstrak—Komunikasi merupakan aspek penting yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari manusia sebagai makhluk sosial. Komunikasi yang baik menjadikan penutur mengikuti prinsip kerja sama dalam berkomunikasi. Prinsip ini dikenal sebagai prinsip kerja sama (cooperative principle) yang dipopulerkan oleh Grice. Komunikasi yang mengikuti dan melanggar prinsip kerja sama tidak hanya ditemukan di dunia nyata tetapi juga di dalam novel, salah satunya yaitu novel Argantara karya Falistiyana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan wujud penyimpangan prinsip kerja sama dalam novel Argantara karya Falistiyana serta relevansinya dengan pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di SMA. Metode deskriptif kualitatif adalah metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik simak catat. Data dari penelitian ini berupa dialog antartokoh dalam novel Argantara karya Falistiyana yang menyimpang dari prinsip kerja sama. Berdasarkan analisis data ditemukan wujud penyimpangan prinsip kerja sama sebanyak 181 data yang meliputi empat maksim, yaitu maksim kuantitas (maxim of quantity) sebanyak 57 data, maksim kualitas (maxim of quality) sebanyak 64 data, maksim relevansi (maxim of relevance) sebanyak 35 data dan maksim cara / pelaksanaan (maksim of manner) sebanyak 25 data, serta relevansinya dengan pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di SMA yaitu pada kelas XII semester II kurikulum 2013, yaitu terdapat pada KD 3.9 Menganalisis isi dan kebahasaan novel.

Kata kunci—Pragmatik, Penyimpangan Prinsip Kerja Sama, Novel Argantara, Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia

Abstract—Communication is an important aspect that cannot be separated from humans as social beings. Good communication makes speakers follow the principle of cooperation in communicating. This principle is known as the cooperative principle popularized by Grice. Communication that follows and violates the principle of cooperation is not only found in the real world but also in novels, one of which is the novel Argantara by Falistiyana. This study aims to describe and explain the form of deviation from the principle of cooperation in the novel Argantara by Falistiyana and its relevance to learning Indonesian in high school. Qualitative descriptive method is the method used in this study. Data collection uses note-taking techniques. The data from this study is in the form of dialogue between characters in the novel Argantara by Falistiyana which deviates from the principle of cooperation. Based on data analysis, it was found that there were 181 data deviations from the principle of cooperation which included four maxims, namely the maxim of quantity (57 data), the maxim of quality (maxim of quality) of 64 data, the maxim of relevance of 35 data and maxims of manner (maxims of manner) as many as 25 data, as well as their relevance to learning Indonesian in high school, namely in class XII semester II of the 2013 curriculum, which is found in KD 3.9 Analyzing the content and language of the novel.

Keywords—Pragmatics, Deviations from the Principles of Cooperation, Novel Argantara, Indonesian Language Learning.