Novel Anwar Tohari Mencari Mati karya Mahfud Ikhwan: Analisis Nilai Budaya (Kajian Antropologi Sastra)

Abstract

Abstrak— Novel Anwar Tohari Mencari Mati karya Mahfud Ikhwan  menarik untuk dikaji karena sarat dengan nilai-nilai budaya Jawa. Penyampaian nilai-nilai budaya yang terkandung dalam novel, maka akan memperluas pemahaman masyarakat terhadap aspek budaya, pengalaman batin, filosofi dan religiusitas  berbagai daerah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Sumber informasi utama penelitian ini adalah novel Anwar Tohari Mencari Mati karya Mahfud Ikhwan. Dalam rangka memperoleh data objektif, digunakan teknik pengambilan data dengan membaca novel Anwar Tohari Mencari Mati karya Mahfud Ikhwan. Dalam penelitian ini teknik analisis data yang diterapkan adalah dengan menggunakan metode analisis isi. Hasil pada penelitian ini adalah Nilai-nilai budaya dalam Novel Anwar Tohari Mencari Mati karya Mahfud Ikhwan meliputi alat kehidupan manusia, penghidupan, sistem sosial, seni, sistem bahasa, sistem informasi, dan sistem keagamaan. Pertama, perlengkapan berupa akomodasi (toko, Blandongan), pakaian (kemeja, sarung, celana cropped), transportasi (bus, truk, mobil, vespa) dan  penerangan (bohlam, klem pemanas). Mata pencaharian lainnya adalah blandong, supir truk, penjual kopi, mandor, penulis, dosen dan wartawan. Ketiga, sistem sosial organisasi kemasyarakatan  dan hubungan kekeluargaan berupa sikap toleransi dan gotong royong. Keempat, kesenian berupa Ludruk. Kelima sistem bahasa tersebut jelas dan sederhana serta mudah dipahami. Sistem pengetahuan yang keenam berupa kondisi tubuh manusia dan sikap interpersonal, dan sistem keagamaan yang ketujuh  berupa kepercayaan yang meliputi agama Katolik dan juga Islam, namun tetap Jawa karena masih percaya pada kekuatan gaib, seperti implan dan  kanuragan. Dalam Novel Anwar Tohari Mencari Mati karya Mahfud Ikhwan, bentuk nilai budaya yang banyak terdapat adalah sistem sosial dan bahasa.

Kata kunci—Analisis, nilai budaya, novel Anwar Tohari Mencari Mati.

Abstract— Anwar Tohari's novel Looking for Death by Mahfud Ikhwan is interesting to study because it is full of Javanese cultural values. Conveying the cultural values contained in the novel will broaden people's understanding of cultural aspects, inner experiences, philosophy and religiosity in various regions in Indonesia. This research uses qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach. The main source of information for this research is the novel Anwar Tohari Looking for Death by Mahfud Ikhwan. In order to obtain objective data, a data collection technique was used by reading the novel Anwar Tohari Looking for Death by Mahfud Ikhwan. In this research, the data analysis technique applied is using the content analysis method. The results of this research are that the cultural values in the novel Anwar Tohari Looking for Death by Mahfud Ikhwan include the means of human life, livelihood, social systems, art, language systems, information systems and religious systems. First, equipment in the form of accommodation (shop, Blandongan), clothing (shirts, sarongs, cropped trousers), transportation (bus, truck, car, Vespa) and lighting (bulbs, heating clamps). Other livelihoods include blandong, truck driver, coffee seller, foreman, writer, lecturer and journalist. Third, the social system of community organizations and family relationships in the form of attitudes of tolerance and mutual cooperation. Fourth, art in the form of Ludruk. The five language systems are clear and simple and easy to understand. The sixth knowledge system is in the form of human body conditions and interpersonal attitudes, and the seventh religious system is in the form of beliefs which include Catholicism and Islam, but remains Javanese because it still believes in supernatural powers, such as implants and kanuragan. In the novel Anwar Tohari Looking for Death by Mahfud Ikhwan, the forms of cultural values that are often found are social systems and language.

Keywords— Analysis, local wisdom, Anwar Tohari Mencari Mati novel.